Best NMN Supplements in the UK (2026)

Best NMN Supplements in the UK (2026)

Purity, testing, dose & what to look for before you buy

best-nmn-supplements-2026-banner.jpg__PID:5660f259-e617-4e39-b551-8f560469a92b
Author: Jordan Caulfield | Reviewed by: Paul Holmes | Updated: July 2026
Dr Lilla Csonka, Medical Advisor at Naturecan
Medically reviewed by Dr Lilla Csonka Medical Advisor at Naturecan Reviewed 11 February 2026

Quick answer

The best NMN supplements provide a clearly stated daily dose, at least 99% beta-NMN purity, independent batch-specific testing and GMP-certified manufacture. Compare products using an equivalent serving size rather than bottle price alone. In this comparison, Naturecan is the top pick based on its 500mg dose, 99.8% verified purity, published testing, UK availability and competitive price.

500mg

per capsule

99.8%

verified purity

Independent

batch testing

GMP

manufacture

The figures above relate specifically to Naturecan’s NMN Capsules.

    Top NMN Supplements in the UK (2026)

    The table below compares the leading products using the factors that matter most to UK buyers: dose, verified purity, independent testing, price and practical suitability. Competitor information and pricing are approximate as at July 2026 and may change with subscriptions, promotions, exchange rates or shipping fees.

    How we compared the products

    NMN per serving, bottle price and the cost of a broadly comparable 500mg serving.

    NMN with capsules.jpg__PID:4c77f96a-496a-4c8b-b272-ef121e1bc5f0

    🥇 1. Naturecan NMN Supplement

    Screenshot 2026-07-30 142311.png__PID:7842cda9-7a6f-45e3-8b4f-e684d915a2c8

    Prices from

    £25.99

    • NMN Content ✅ 500mg beta-NMN per capsule
    • Ingredients ✅ Pure NMN with no fillers or proprietary blends, enclosed in a vegan HPMC capsule
    • Manufacturing ✅ Produced in Europe within a GMP-certified manufacturing facility
    • Testing ✅ Independently tested for purity, with a publicly accessible Certificate of Analysis
    • Medical Oversight ✅ Product information medically reviewed by Dr Lilla Csonka, a medical doctor
    • Pricing Options ✅ Affordable, one-time purchases available in 60, 120 and 180-capsule packs.
    • Customer Reviews ✅ Over 190 reviews with a rating of 4.6/5*
    Buy now
    ChatGPT Image Jul 30, 2026, 04_32_33 PM.jpg__PID:bab1b2ff-68e2-4d2d-a20a-77647fc16d7c

    🥈 2. Charava NMN 500mg

    Screenshot 2026-07-30 162021.png__PID:43f3fd9f-1ae5-4ab3-a61f-c0293ff54eb0

    Prices from

    £66.99

    • NMN Content ✅ 500mg NMN per capsule
    • Ingredients ✅ Filler-free NMN in a vegan hypromellose capsule
    • Manufacturing ✅ Manufactured in GMP-certified UK facilities and supplied in protective amber-glass packaging
    • Testing ✅ Claims 99.8% purity and third-party US testing, with a Certificate of Analysis displayed on the product page
    • Medical Oversight ⚠️ No named medical professional is clearly identified as the reviewer of this product page
    • Pricing Options ⚠️ The 60-day pack requires a subscription; one-time purchases start with the larger, more expensive 120-day option
    • Customer Reviews ⚠️ Displays a rating of 4.9/5, but the current page does not clearly show the total number of product reviews
    ChatGPT Image Jul 30, 2026, 03_25_01 PM.jpg__PID:d87808da-0fc6-4148-82d0-59347d80da86

    🥉 3. DoNotAge Pure NMN Supplement

    Screenshot 2026-07-30 151936.png__PID:d37f3ca6-eb7c-4c91-9aa6-845bc053f771

    Prices from

    £51.20

    • NMN Content ✅ 500mg beta-NMN per capsule, although the suggested daily serving is 1,000mg
    • Ingredients ✅ Pure Uthever® NMN with no fillers or additives, enclosed in a vegan capsule
    • Manufacturing ✅ Made to GMP and ISO 9001 standards
    • Testing ⚠️ Third-party tested at 99.8% purity, but certificates are available on request rather than directly linked
    • Medical Oversight ⚠️ No clearly named medical doctor is shown as reviewing the product page
    • Pricing Options ⚠️ One-time and subscription options available, but the price per pack is steep.
    • Customer Reviews ✅ Rating of approximately 4.9/5, but based on 116 reviews compared with Naturecan’s 190+
    BrandDosePurity and testing Approx. priceVerdict
    Naturecan500mg per capsule99.8% pure beta-NMN; independently tested in Germany; GMP-producedFrom £25.99 for 60 capsulesTop pick for verified purity, dose and UK value. Capsules and powder available.
    Charava500mg per capsuleOver 99% beta-NMN; independent testing; COA available
    Approx. £66.99 for 120 capsulesStraightforward UK option with a meaningful dose and transparent sourcing.
    DoNotAge.orgApprox. 500mg per capsuleOver 99% purity; third-party testing and COAs available on requestAround £64 for 60 capsulesStrong quality standards, but considerably more expensive and UK shipping may apply.
    Novos Labs250mg per capsuleIndependent purity verification; GMP-certified manufactureApprox. £35 for 30 servingsScience-led combined formulation, but lower NMN dose and USD pricing.
    BettervitsVaries by formulaThird-party tested combined longevity formulasApprox. £44.99 for 60 capsulesUseful for people who prefer blends, although the individual NMN dose may be lower.
    NMN Bio250mg or 500mg, product-dependentHigh-purity beta-NMN; third-party testing; COA availableApprox. £36.99 for 60 capsulesMultiple dose and format options, with fewer public reviews than larger brands.

    Disclaimer: Competitor information and pricing are approximate as at July 2026 and are subject to change. Prices may vary based on subscription options, seasonal promotions, and bundle deals. Please verify directly with each brand before purchasing.

    Why Naturecan is our top pick

    Naturecan combines a research-relevant 500mg serving with 99.8% independently verified purity, batch-specific laboratory testing and GMP-certified production. It is available in both capsule and powder formats, with UK pricing and delivery that are easier to assess than many international alternatives. This recommendation is based on the comparison criteria above rather than price alone.

    How to Choose a Quality NMN Supplement

    A high-quality NMN product should make its dose, purity, testing and manufacturing standards easy to verify. Use the six checks below before buying.

    Meaningful dose

    Look for a clearly stated serving size. Published human trials commonly use 250mg to 600mg daily, depending on the study. Very low-dose products may not reflect the amounts used in research. [4,6,7,8]

    Beta-NMN purity

    Choose a product that states its beta-NMN purity. A level of at least 99% provides greater assurance that the product contains predominantly the intended ingredient.

    GMP manufacture

    GMP certification indicates that manufacturing processes, raw materials and quality controls are managed to recognised standards.

    Independent testing

    A credible Certificate of Analysis should come from an independent laboratory and include a date, batch or lot number and the measured purity result.

    Suitable format and packaging

    Capsules are convenient; powder offers flexible dosing. In either case, packaging should protect NMN from heat, light and moisture.

    Value per verified dose

    Compare the cost of an equivalent dose after confirming purity and testing. A cheaper bottle is not better value if the serving is smaller or the quality evidence is unclear.

    Capsules, Powder or Liposomal NMN?

    FormatBest suited toMain advantage Important consideration
    CapsulesPeople who want a fixed, convenient daily servingPortable, simple and protected from handlingLess flexibility to adjust the serving size
    PowderPeople who prefer adjustable servings or mixing into food and drinksFlexible and easy to combine with a routine More exposed to air, heat and moisture during use
    Liposomal NMNPeople specifically seeking an alternative delivery systemTheoretical protection during digestionNo established human head-to-head advantage over standard NMN

    Naturecan NMN capsules and powder

    Naturecan provides 500mg of NMN per serving in both capsule and powder formats. The capsules are designed for a fixed daily serving, while the unflavoured powder can be stirred into water, blended into a smoothie or mixed into food. Both formats are independently tested to the same 99.8% purity standard, with batch-specific results available through Naturecan’s Certificates of Analysis page.

    • Choose capsules for portability, consistency and minimal handling.
    • Choose powder for flexible serving sizes and easy mixing.
    • Store either format in a cool, dry place with the container tightly closed.

    What Is Liposomal NMN?

    Liposomal NMN uses small phospholipid structures called liposomes to encapsulate the ingredient. In theory, this may help protect NMN during digestion and influence how it is delivered. [14]

    However, published human evidence directly comparing liposomal NMN with standard capsules or powder remains limited. The human trials highlighted in this guide used standard, non-liposomal NMN and still reported measurable outcomes in sleep quality, aerobic capacity and physical performance. [6,7,8] Claims of dramatically superior absorption should therefore be treated cautiously unless they are supported by direct, peer-reviewed comparisons.

    What to verify in a liposomal product

    Apply the same checks used for any NMN supplement: clearly stated beta-NMN content, at least 99% purity, independent batch testing, a verifiable COA and GMP manufacture. Liposomal delivery does not replace the need for quality evidence.

    What Is NMN?

    Starting off simple. NMN (β-nicotinamide mononucleotide) is a molecule that your body produces naturally. It’s a precursor to NAD⁺ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide), which is a coenzyme found in every single cell. Why is NAD⁺ important? Think of it as the “spark plug” that keeps your cells running. It’s involved in:

    • Energy metabolism – helping your cells turn nutrients into usable energy.
    • DNA repair – fixing everyday wear and tear in your genetic material.
    • Mitochondrial function – keeping your cellular “batteries” working efficiently.
    • Stress response – helping regulate cortisol, the hormone tied to stress and energy balance. Read our guide on managing cortisol naturally.

    Here’s the challenge: as we age, our NAD⁺ levels naturally decline. Stress, poor diet, and lack of sleep can make them drop even faster. Scientists believe this decline is linked to many aspects of ageing and age-related conditions, such as metabolic imbalances, type 2 diabetes, and even cognitive decline [1].

    By boosting NMN intake, the body can create more NAD⁺, in return potentially supporting energy, resilience, and overall wellbeing.

    Explore now
    Naturecan NMN supplement bottle on a stone surface with a blurred natural background
    NMN (5).webp__PID:34377051-87c9-4dfb-b5fd-dd193434ad02

    What is NMN? The Anti-Ageing Molecule Explained

    Discover more about NMN and how this anti-ageing molecule is taking the wellness world by storm!

    Read More

    What Does Human Research Show?

    A growing number of human studies have investigated NMN, although the evidence base is still developing. The table below summarises the trials highlighted in this article.

    Study populationDose and durationOutcome measured Reported finding
    Older Japanese adults250mg daily for 12 weeksSleep quality, fatigue and physical performanceThe NMN group showed improvements in sleep quality and reduced fatigue compared with placebo. [6]
    Amateur runners600mg daily for 8 weeksAerobic capacity The trial reported improvements in aerobic capacity, including VO2 max, compared with placebo. [7]
    Healthy middle-aged adults300mg or 600mg dailyMuscle function and physical performance The multicentre trial reported dose-dependent improvements in aspects of muscle function and overall physical performance. [8]

    Evidence limitation

    These findings are encouraging, but most NMN trials have involved relatively small groups over periods of around eight to twelve weeks. Larger, longer and more diverse studies are needed before firm conclusions can be drawn about long-term healthy-ageing outcomes. NMN is a food supplement and is not licensed to treat or prevent disease.

    Purity, Testing and Storage: What to Verify

    NMN quality is not determined by dose alone. Purity, independent testing, packaging and storage all influence how confidently you can assess a product.

    How to read a Certificate of Analysis

    •  Laboratory – An accredited, independent third-party laboratory. Independent testing provides stronger assurance than an in-house result.
    •  Batch details – A date and batch or lot number that matches the product. This shows the certificate relates to the actual production batch.
    •  Result – A clearly stated beta-NMN purity and relevant contaminant testing. This confirms what was measured rather than relying only on label claims.
    Scientist in mask testing with pipette and petri dish
    NMN (1) (1).webp__PID:0318e419-8a05-4cca-8d26-e96386ec8e5d

    Storage Do and Don't

    Do:

    • Keep the container tightly closed in a cool, dry place.
    • Choose opaque, airtight packaging that limits light and air exposure.
    • Check storage instructions and consider transit conditions for imported products.

    Don't:

    • Leaving powder or capsules exposed to moisture or direct sunlight.
    • Clear containers or prolonged storage in warm environments.
    • Assuming every product remains equally stable regardless of packaging and transport.
    NMN (1) (1).webp__PID:0318e419-8a05-4cca-8d26-e96386ec8e5d

    NMN Powder by Naturecan

    Looking for a simple, powerful way to support healthy ageing and energy production? Our NMN Powder delivers 500mg of pure Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) in every serving.

    Designed in powder form for flexibility and fast absorption, this unflavoured powder fits seamlessly into your daily routine. Simply stir into water, blend into a smoothie, mix into porridge or whatever you fancy.

    • 500mg of NMN per serving
    • Supports natural NAD⁺ production
    • Supports energy metabolism and cellular function
    • May help support healthy ageing
    • Unflavoured and easy to mix
    A 30g stand-up pouch of Naturecan NMN food supplement, featuring a cream-colored body with dark teal text and a dark teal band at the bottom, set against a plain white background.
    A person's hands are shown opening a Naturecan NMN food supplement pouch on a rocky, outdoor gravel surface.
    A person in a white zip-up athletic top and shorts holds a Naturecan NMN supplement pouch against a solid red background. The brand STAX.
    NMN Powder
    NMN Powder
    A 30g stand-up pouch of Naturecan NMN food supplement, featuring a cream-colored body with dark teal text and a dark teal band at the bottom, set against a plain white background.
    A person's hands are shown opening a Naturecan NMN food supplement pouch on a rocky, outdoor gravel surface.
    A person in a white zip-up athletic top and shorts holds a Naturecan NMN supplement pouch against a solid red background. The brand STAX.
    NMN Powder
    NMN Powder

    NMN Powder

    £29.74
    View Details

    UK and International NMN Brands

    UK and EU manufacture can make delivery times, storage conditions and product traceability easier to assess, but location alone does not guarantee quality. Whether buying from a UK or international brand, focus on current GMP information, independent testing, batch-specific certificates and appropriate packaging.

    For products shipped over long distances, consider warm storage conditions, extended transit times, import duties and whether customer support can provide current laboratory documentation.

    You can view Naturecan's batch-specific Certificates of Analysis directly at our COA page.

    NMN Regulation in the UK

    UK status summary

    NMN products are currently available from UK retailers as food supplements. Brands must comply with food supplement labelling rules and must not make unauthorised medicinal claims. The UK novel foods position continues to evolve, so consumers should favour brands that maintain transparent testing, compliant labelling and clear manufacturing records.

    The Food Standards Agency is responsible for food safety and the UK novel foods framework, while the MHRA becomes relevant where claims or presentation bring a product within the definition of a medicine. [10]

    In the United States, the FDA confirmed in September 2025 that NMN is lawful for use as a dietary supplement ingredient. [11] This does not directly determine UK law, but it provides international regulatory context. For the full background, link to the dedicated Naturecan NMN regulation article rather than repeating the complete regulatory history on this page.

    NMN (11).webp__PID:4f14c516-48e8-47c5-af96-c4080fd602ef
    Naturecan NMN supplement bottle on a stone surface with a blurred natural background

    FDA Confirms NMN is Lawful for Dietary Supplements: What This Means for You

    In a landmark decision, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has confirmed that β-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) is lawful for use in dietary supplements. Find out what this means for you.

    Read More

    Are NMN Supplements Safe?

    Studies suggest NMN is safe and well tolerated in humans. [4,5] That said, some people may experience mild digestive upset. As with any supplement, if you are taking medication or managing a health condition, always check with your doctor or pharmacist first. Learn more about NMN side effects.

    What has been studied

    Human trials in this article generally examine daily doses between 100mg and 600mg over periods of up to 12 weeks. A study in healthy men reported no significant changes in blood pressure, heart rate, oxygen saturation or a broad panel of blood and urine markers at doses up to 500mg daily. [4]

    Possible side effects

    Mild gastrointestinal effects, such as nausea, loose stools or digestive discomfort, are the most commonly discussed effects in the supplied evidence and appear more likely at higher doses. [5]

    Who should seek advice

    Speak with a doctor or pharmacist before use if you take prescription medication, have an underlying health condition, are pregnant or breastfeeding, or are receiving oncology treatment or cancer-related medical supervision.

    What remains unknown

    Existing studies are not large or long enough to determine long-term safety, rare adverse effects or outcomes in groups that have not been adequately studied.

    Medication and oncology note

    NMN has not been established as a cancer-causing side effect. The relevant issue is that NAD+ biology is involved in fundamental cellular processes and long-term human data remain limited. Anyone undergoing cancer treatment or surveillance should discuss NMN and other supplements with their oncology team before use.

    NMN vs Other Longevity Supplements

    NMN is one of several compounds discussed in healthy-ageing research. These supplements work through different pathways and should not be treated as interchangeable.

    SupplementFunctionKey Benefit Considerations
    NMNDirect NAD+ precursorSupports energy, DNA repair, and mitochondrial function [1,2,3] Sensitive to heat and light; quality and purity are critical
    NR supplementNAD+ precursorBoosts NAD+, though conversion pathway is less direct than NMN Widely available; evidence base is growing but differs from NMN
    ResveratrolPlant polyphenolActivates sirtuin proteins; may support metabolic health Works best alongside NAD+ boosters; bioavailability can vary
    CoQ10Antioxidant and mitochondrial cofactorSupports heart health and mitochondrial energy productionDifferent mechanism to NMN; not an NAD+ precursor
    QuercetinFlavonoid and senolytic May help reduce burden of senescent cellsAbsorption can be limited; often combined with bromelain to improve uptake
    Urolithin APostbiotic; mitophagy activatorPromotes selective clearance of damaged mitochondria (mitophagy); supports normal muscle function [13]Cannot be produced efficiently by all gut microbiomes from dietary sources; direct supplementation bypasses this limitation
    SpermidinePolyamine; autophagy activator
    Supports cellular autophagy (recycling of damaged cell components) [12]Found naturally in fermented foods, mushrooms, and wheat germ; supplement bioavailability varies by formulation. 

    Many people combine NMN with resveratrol or quercetin for a more comprehensive approach. Urolithin A and spermidine are increasingly discussed alongside NMN in the longevity community as complementary compounds that work via distinct but potentially synergistic cellular pathways.

    You can also use our Face Age Calculator as one of several informal markers to track how you feel over time when supplementing with NMN. While no single tool replaces clinical measurement, starting with a subjective baseline can be useful context.

    NMN & Resveratrol Bundle by Naturecan

    Boost your well-being with Naturecan's NMN and Resveratrol! Specially designed to support energy and longevity, this powerful combination goes beyond conventional supplements by pairing two scientifically backed ingredients known for their potential to combat ageing and promote cellular health.

    Elevate your daily wellness with this advanced NMN + Resveratrol formula when your body needs it most.

    • 500mg NMN per capsule
    • 500mg Resveratrol per capsule
    • Premium capsule technology for optimal absorption
    • Supports energy, longevity, and cardiovascular health
    • Two-month supply in every bundle
    NMN_and_Resveratrol_Bundle
    NMN_and_Resveratrol_Bundle

    NMN and Resveratrol Bundle

    £55.99
    View Details

    Conclusion

    NMN is one of the most exciting supplements in the field of longevity and wellbeing. By supporting NAD⁺, it may help with energy, resilience, and healthy ageing.

    But not all supplements are made equal, and quality is the factor that really makes the difference. Choosing a product that’s pure, independently tested, and manufactured to GMP standards is the safest way to make sure you’re supporting your body properly. At Naturecan, our NMN products are developed with these principles at heart, offering convenient formats and third-party tested purity.

    It’s never too late to start supporting your long-term health. NMN could be one simple, natural step towards feeling energised today and stronger tomorrow.

    Ready to start? Shop Naturecan's NMN Supplement - available in 500mg capsules and powder, independently lab-tested and shipped direct to your door.

    For a more comprehensive approach to healthy ageing, explore our Complete Longevity Bundle, which combines key longevity supplements in a single package. Browse our full longevity range to explore the complete category.

    New to longevity supplementation? Download our free Longevity Guide for an evidence-based introduction to the compounds and lifestyle habits that research associates with healthy ageing.

    FAQs

    Paul Holmes  (4).webp__PID:545df50e-557b-4e0c-8051-2c4162aded0d

    Reviewed by Paul Holmes

    Director of Science and Innovation at Naturecan

    Testing for large pharmaceutical & tobacco companies, Paul has built a wealth of scientific and regulatory knowledge, working on regulatory submissions to bodies such as the FDA and the MHRA.

    He holds a BSc in Medicinal and Biological Chemistry and sits on the UKAS CBD Food Product Approval Expert Group.

    Paul Holmes  (4).webp__PID:545df50e-557b-4e0c-8051-2c4162aded0d

    Discover our Naturecan Blog

    Is Matcha Good for You? Benefits, and How to Use Matcha Protein

    Is Matcha Good for You? Benefits, and How to Use Matcha Protein

    Jul 28, 2026
     

    Is matcha good for you? Here's what the evidence says about matcha benefits, plus how to use matcha protein powder to get more from your daily routine.

    What are peptides?

    What are peptides?

    Jul 16, 2026
     

    Peptides are everywhere right now - from skincare serums to weight loss injections. But what actually are they? This guide breaks down all the types, what the science says, and what is safe to use.  

    Best Supplements for PMS & Period Cramps

    Best Supplements for PMS & Period Cramps

    Jul 16, 2026
     

    Bloating, cramps, low mood: PMS can feel like its own weather system every month. Here's what the evidence actually says about magnesium, vitamin B6, omega-3 and zinc, including real doses and when they help most.

    Perimenopause Itchy Skin: How Hormonal Changes Affect Skin Longevity

    Perimenopause Itchy Skin: How Hormonal Changes Affect Skin Longevity

    Jul 01, 2026
     

    Unexplained itching is one of the most common yet least-discussed symptoms of perimenopause, and it's hormonal, not cosmetic. As oestrogen declines, the skin loses collagen, moisture retention and barrier integrity in ways that moisturiser alone can't fix. Here's the science behind it, and how to support your skin from the inside out.

    Biotin Supplement: Benefits, Dosage and How to Choose

    Biotin Supplement: Benefits, Dosage and How to Choose

    Jun 29, 2026
     

    Everything you need to know about biotin supplements - from what biotin does and whether it really helps hair growth, to dosage, side effects, and food sources.  

    References

    1. Mills, K.F., Yoshida, S., Stein, L.R., Grozio, A., Kubota, S., Sasaki, Y., Redpath, P., Migaud, M.E., Apte, R.S., Uchida, K. and Yoshino, J. (2016). Long-term administration of nicotinamide mononucleotide mitigates age-associated physiological decline in mice. Cell Metabolism, 24(6), pp.795–806. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2016.09.013

    2. Yoshino, J., Baur, J.A. and Imai, S.I. (2018). NAD+ intermediates: the biology and therapeutic potential of NMN and NR. Cell Metabolism, 27(3), pp.513–528. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2017.11.002

    3. Zhou, B., Wang, D.D., Qiu, Y., Airhart, S., Liu, Y., Stempien-Otero, A., O'Brien, K.D. and Tian, R. (2020). Boosting NAD level suppresses inflammatory phenotype: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Advanced Research, 26, pp.29–39. [Note: preclinical data referenced in supplementary analyses.] Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2020.06.014

    4. Irie, J., Inagaki, E., Fujita, M., Nakaya, H., Mitsuishi, M., Yamaguchi, S., Yamashita, K., Shigaki, S., Ono, T., Yukioka, H. and Okano, H. (2020). Effect of oral administration of nicotinamide mononucleotide on clinical parameters and nicotinamide metabolite levels in healthy Japanese men. Endocrine Journal, 67(2), pp.153–160. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1507/endocrj.EJ19-0313

    5. Nadeeshani, H., Li, J., Ying, T., Zhang, B. and Lu, J. (2022). Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) as an anti-ageing health product: promises and safety concerns. Journal of Advanced Research, 37, pp.267–278. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2021.08.003

    6. Kim, M., Seol, J., Sato, T., Fukamizu, Y., Sakurai, T. and Okura, T. (2022). Effect of 12-week intake of nicotinamide mononucleotide on sleep quality, fatigue, and physical performance in older Japanese adults: a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study. Nutrients, 14(4), p.755. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14040755

    7. Liao, B., Zhao, Y., Wang, D., Zhang, X., Hao, X. and Hu, M. (2021). Nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation enhances aerobic capacity in amateur runners: a randomized, double-blind study. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 18(1), p.54. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-021-00442-4

    8. Yi, L., Maier, A.B., Tao, R., Lin, Z., Vaidya, A., Pendse, S., Thasma, S., Andhalkar, N., Avhad, G. and Kumbhar, V. (2023). The efficacy and safety of beta-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation in healthy middle-aged adults: a randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, dose-dependent clinical trial. GeroScience, 45(1), pp.29–43. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-022-00705-1

    9. Navas, L.E. and Carnero, A. (2021). NAD+ metabolism, stemness, the immune response, and cancer. Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, 6(1), p.2. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-020-00354-w

    10. Food Standards Agency (2023). Novel foods: guidance for businesses. UK Government. Available at: https://www.food.gov.uk/business-guidance/novel-foods

    11. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (2025). FDA response confirming NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide) is lawful as a dietary supplement ingredient. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/food/dietary-supplements

    12. Madeo, F., Eisenberg, T., Pietrocola, F. and Kroemer, G. (2018). Spermidine in health and disease. Science, 359(6374), p.eaan2788. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aan2788

    13. Andreux, P.A., Blanco-Bose, W., Ryu, D., Burdet, F., Ibberson, M., Aebischer, P., Auwerx, J., Singh, A. and Rinsch, C. (2019). The mitophagy activator urolithin A is safe and induces a molecular signature of improved mitochondrial and cellular health in humans. Nature Metabolism, 1(6), pp.595–603. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1038/s42255-019-0073-4

    14. Akbarzadeh, A., Rezaei-Sadabady, R., Davaran, S., Joo, S.W., Zarghami, N., Hanifehpour, Y., Samiei, M., Kouhi, M. and Nejati-Koshki, K. (2013). Liposome: classification, preparation, and applications. Nanoscale Research Letters, 8(1), p.102. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/1556-276X-8-102